New Researches on LPS Endotoxins in Reclaimed Wastewater

In recognition of the continuous stress on the Earths freshwater resources, the potable reuse has emerged to gaining widespread acceptance as a sustainable alternative to traditional water supply. However, present wastewater treatment plants are not designed to treat the different array of complex and trace chemicals found in reclaimed wastewater that threaten consumers health. Among the trace elements of greatest concern is lipo-polysaccharide endotoxin. Associated with biological reactions, it is a constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is uncontrollable at the source. Meanwhile, several studies have revealed that reclaimed wastewater toxicity has been linked to the existence of the LPS endotoxin in treated water. As such, gaining insight into the control and fate of endotoxin during wastewater reclamation a topic that poses serious challenges to water reuse experts is of great importance. The latest studies, which looked at different aspects of the fate and control of endotoxin during wastewater reclamation, filled in many of the knowledge gaps on the topic. This book presents the latest researches on endotoxin during wastewater reclamation.